Along the Potomac

WHEN I was small, a woman died.
To-day her only boy
Went up from the Potomac,
His face all victory.

To look at her; how slowly
The seasons must have turned
Till bullets clipt an angle,
And he passed quickly round! More→

The Daisy Follows Soft the Sun

THE daisy follows soft the sun,
And when his golden walk is done,
Sits shyly at his feet.
He, waking, finds the flower near.
“Wherefore, marauder, art thou here?”
“Because, sir, love is sweet!” More→

Emancipation

NO rack can torture me,
My soul’s at liberty.
Behind this mortal bone
There knits a bolder one:
You cannot prick with saw,
Nor rend with scymitar.
Two bodies therefore be;
Bind one, and one will flee. More→

Lost

I LOST a world the other day.
Has anybody found?
You’ll know it by the row of stars
Around its forehead bound. More→

If I Shouldn’t Be Alive

IF I shouldn’t be alive
When the robins come,
Give the one in red cravat
A memorial crumb. More→

Sleep Is Supposed to Be

SLEEP is supposed to be,
By souls of sanity,
The shutting of the eye.

Sleep is the station grand
Down which on either hand
The hosts of witness stand! More→

I Shall Know Why

I SHALL know why, when time is over,
And I have ceased to wonder why;
Christ will explain each separate anguish
In the fair schoolroom of the sky. More→

I Never Lost as Much but Twice

I NEVER lost as much but twice,
And that was in the sod;
Twice have I stood a beggar
Before the door of God! More→

Books, Emily Dickinson

If her skill was taken for supernatural, the world may never have seen her original handwriting. Feel welcome to Poems by Emily Dickinson prepared for print by Teresa Pelka: thematic stanzas, notes on the Greek and Latin inspiration, the correlative with Webster 1828, and the Aristotelian motif, "Things perpetual — these are not in time, but in eternity". More→

3. The role of feedback in language use

3.1. Sensory signal processing by the brain; 3.2. Pathway length and efficiency; 3.3. The speech act; 3.4. Inner speech; 3.5. Orienting response of linguistic component; 3.6. Module autonomy theories; 3.7. Language universalist theories; 3.8. Feedback phenomena and cognition. More→


2. The role of feedback in language learning

2.1. Language within a program perspective; 2.2. The closed-loop process of neural network forming; 2.3. Network feedback-mediated functioning; 2.4. Circular reactions in child development; 2.5. Robbie Case's executive controls theory; 2.6. Language development circular and feedback exercise; 2.7. The closed-loop behavior of egocentric language; 2.8. The generally feedback pattern in human learning and skill. More→

USA Charters of Freedom

THE Constitution is a "syntax bonanza", that is, an exceptionally rich resource. We cannot have language forms that are hundreds of years aged, to learn modern grammar, but we can update the language form. Feel welcome to see the update. More→

Resource for Emily Dickinson’s poetry

THE epsilon, predicate structure, vowel contour, phonemics, person reference in abstract thought, and altogether stylistic coherence, for manuscripts and print piece-by-piece More→

A New People

Out of one, many, says the sibyl by Virgil. Out of many, one, says the USA Great Seal. ■More

The Latin demeanor

Why say circles, if we say cats? Ancient money talk along trade routes can give us a clue. ■More

Philology

Love of mind and language is the sense of this human activity. There is no requirement for a sentimentalist flair: love is simply an elegant shape of a word. Regarding an idea ugly as a mind without natural language — love is dainty. ■More

Grammar is always a project

Grammar is never a program: imagine you open your mouth and then cannot close your lips, unless a program allows; and the same, everyone you speak with, thay talk program. ■More

Feelings!

CHILDREN happen to be saying things. What if a kid said,
I'm hating you!
Do you say,
Oh no, you are not hating me. You hate me. To hate is a stative verb. Here, you can have a list of stative verbs, you're going to need it for school, anyway... More→

Grammar – Why think about space?

LANGUAGES may differ in particular words to transact between space and time, spatialization yet remains sane and good sense also when we are grown-up. More→

American English ― where from?

THERE has been much talk about American English, in terms ancestral. Researchers have analyzed speech and "derived" sounds with particularity worthy of Pygmalion. More→

Generative / Universal FAQ

The reality of the brain is individual, and this is where true grammars are, but in grammar, it is not the brain function to be of focus, but learner ability to meet the language standard. ■More

The Role of Feedback in Language Processing

Tests by Ladefoged showed speech and language dependence on feedback without exception. Human DNA requires cellular feedback for active protein, that is, everyday living. In tests on volunteers, human endurance under feedback impoverishment has proved lower than for fasting. Cellular and systemic feedback is a fact of biological life; its importance approximates a drive. More→

Introduction

Language ability is prerequisite for reasoning skills, and neural processes have been evidenced in language learning as well as use. Human language processing can be viewed as human processing of information, where terms as a system, program, and option, though correlative with computer science, do not serve close a correspondence, since natural language remains a scope of skill unmatched by artificial parsing. Human neurophysiology is the primary reference for the following discourse on the role of feedback in human language command. More→


1. Neurophysiology of feedback

Feedback in the single neuron; 1.2. Space and time in neural communication; 1.3. Human systemic dynamics; 1.4. A reflex arc; 1.5. Human reflex and voluntary behavior; 1.6. Relevant neuro-motor patterns; 1.7. Sensory compensation; 1.8. The pool model for internal balance; 1.9. Signal specificity and the human brain. More→


Grammatical Aspects, or cognitive variables?

THE idea of the grammatical Aspect comes from Antiquity. People did not know about cognitive variables then. Today, we can. More→

Human brains, parameters and devices

DICTIONARIES have a device for something devised, or a faculty that devises. Everyday language yet has a device for a thing that could be operated externally, from the outside. Association with such governance could not be my ideal. More→

My dear head

MY dear head does not give me headaches. This is one of the reasons I literally love it and would not change it for anything in the universe or multiverse entire and beyond. Should I spell with a big letter, “my dear Head”? More→

My HubPages

The toolbox republic
Born in Poland — and no one ever has choice on the place to be born — you cannot change your citizenship unless the President allows it.
Carpe linguam
My hub page for word sense and living American English. More→

No man, woman, child, or house, with the pie

The Proto-Indo-European "mother of tongues" does not have words for men, women, children, or houses that European languages would have in common. More→

British grammar nazis

MUCH has been written about the Second World War, including Hitler's evident lack of linguistic finesse. Therefore, I will do some pondering only, on the British who want to be grammar nazis. More→

Apples on noses

MS. de Lange's purpose was to compare monolingual and bilingual children in tests on syntax, that is, ways to put words together. She says that to speak two languages is like to have two minds. More→

Tongue entanglement

IT may have been predilection for physical factors to inspire the name "Hiberno-English", for Irish English. Ireland was named Hibernia by ancient Romans. Evidently they felt cold, yet the British do not speak "Birran English", though birrus was a word for an ancient Roman rain poncho. More→

Burning the Flag ― where is the language?

EVEN if you do not like anybody around, would rather live in a tent, make own clothes, and hunt for food ― all that to liberate yourself of American capitalism ― there is still cause and effect. More→

Larry Selinker’s interlanguage

M ARK Twain spoke American "since his birth"; it is yet impossible to imagine him saying, you are not speaking as I do, therefore you are wrong. More→